With Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr rolled out you must be wondering why Canonical Ltd, the developer of Ubuntu operating system named it Trusty Tahr. Canonical releases a new version of Ubuntu semi-annually and each version is given a codename which is a combination of an adjective and an animal with the same first letter. The version number denotes the year and the month of the release.
Trusty Tahr - an adjective + an animal with the same first letter. 14.04 signifies that it was released in 2014 in the month of April.
Ubuntu Naming Conventions 
| Version | Adjective | Animal | 
| 4.10 | Warty | Warthog | 
| 5.04 | Hoary | Hedgehog | 
| 5.10 | Breezy | Badger | 
| 6.06 LTS | Dapper | Drake | 
| 6.10 | Edgy | Eft | 
| 7.04 | Feisty | Fawn | 
| 7.10 | Gutsy | Gibbon | 
| 8.04 LTS | Hardy | Heron | 
| 8.10 | Intrepid | Ibex | 
| 9.04 | Jaunty | Jackalope | 
| 9.10 | Karmic | Koala | 
| 10.04 LTS | Lucid | Lynx | 
| 10.10 | Maverick | Meerkat | 
| 11.04 | Natty | Narwhal | 
| 11.10 | Oneiric | Ocelot | 
| 12.04 LTS | Precise | Pangolin | 
| 12.10 | Quantaal | Quetzal | 
| 13.04 | Raring | Ringtail | 
| 13.10 | Saucy | Salamander | 
| 14.04 LTS | Trusty | Tahr | 
| 14.10 | Utopic | Unicorn | 
LTS is Long Term Support i.e. Canonical will provide updates to that version for a period of 5 years and paid support is available. Each forth release is a Long Term Support release or you can say the 1st year release in the even year is a Long Term Support Ubuntu release. 
If we leave the first two versions, the rest are in the alphabetical order. You can read a detail release information of each version of Ubuntu on Wikipedia. 
Other Linux distributions like LinuxMint also has codename logic. Read here: Version numbers and Codename logic in Linux mint.

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